Ukraine, 7-4-25

For today, links to 16 reports: from the Cradle, NBC, the Associated Press, the Kyiv Independent, Kyiv Post, National Public Radio, the Moscow Times, and Reuters; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (UKRAINE 7-2-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA, LEBANON and SYRIA entries for today are HERE, HERE and HERE, or scroll up.) — MCM

   

NEWER  Pentagon cut Ukraine arms shipments despite ‘no shortage’ of stock: report. From the Cradle. An analysis by senior U.S. military officers found that a previously planned shipment of missiles and munitions bound for Ukraine would not jeopardize the U.S. military’s own ammunition supplies, NBC News reported today. The Pentagon halted the shipment earlier this week, citing concerns about its low stockpiles. READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for report from NBC.

   

NEWER  Trump, Zelenskiy discuss weapons, escalating Russian strikes, by Doina Chiacu, Tim Gardner and Max Hunder| Reuters  KYIV — Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said he discussed air defences in a conversation with U.S. President Donald Trump today, and agreed to work on increasing Kyiv’s capability to “defend the sky” as Russian attacks escalate. He added . . . READ MORE . . .

   

Russia hammers Kyiv in largest missile and drone barrage since war in Ukraine began, by Hanna Arhirova | AP  KYIV — Waves of drone and missile attacks targeted Kyiv overnight into today, officials said — injuring at least 23 people and inflicting severe damage across multiple districts of the capital in a seven-hour onslaught. READ MORE . . .  Click HERE, HEREHERE and HERE for reports from the Kyiv IndependentKyiv Post NPR and the Cradle.

   

Military analyst Michael Kofman discusses Russia’s recent gains in Ukraine. Michel Martin of NPR talks with military analyst Michael Kofman, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, about Russia’s gains in Ukraine and what they reveal about the war’s direction. Click HERE to listen and, later read.

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FROM JULY 3  Elderly woman killed in Ukrainian drone strike on Lipetsk region. The Moscow Times. A 70-year-old woman was killed and two others were wounded in a Ukrainian drone strike in the central Lipetsk region early Thursday, with authorities in Kyiv saying they targeted a Russian military battery manufacturing plant. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JULY 3  No progress at all, Trump says after phone call with Putin, by Gram Slattery, Dan Peleschuk and Dmitry Antonov | Reuters  WASHINGTON — U.S. President Donald Trump said on Thursday that a phone call earlier in the day with Vladimir Putin resulted in no progress at all on efforts to end the war in Ukraine, while a Kremlin aide said the Russian president reiterated that Moscow would keep pushing to solve the conflict’s “root causes.” READ MORE . . .  Click HERE and HERE for reports from Kyiv Post and Tass.

   

FROM JULY 3  Pentagon says it’s pausing some military aid to Ukraine amid new attacks from Russia. Reported by Greg Myre | NPR  The Pentagon is halting the delivery of some U.S. weapons to Ukraine that are crucial in its battle against Russia. This comes at a time when Russia has stepped up its attacks against Ukraine. Click HERE to listen and, later, read.

   

FROM JULY 3  Ukraine’s European backers mull their options after the U.S. pauses weapons shipments, by Lorne Cook | AP  AARHUS, Denmark — President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and some of Ukraine’s main European backers weighed options on Thursday for filling the gap after the Trump administration paused weapons shipments to his country. The U.S. move affects high-demand READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JULY 3  How Ukraine can cope with the U.S. pause on crucial battlefield weapons, by Hanna Arhirova and Barry Hatton | AP  KYIV — The decision by the United States to pause some weapons shipments to Ukrainehas come at a tough time for Kyiv.  Here’s a look at Ukraine’s options. READ MORE . . .

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Gaza, 7-3-25

First, links to 10 reports: from Anadolu Agency, the Cradle, the Associated Press, Reuters, and Middle East Eye, and to commentary from ScheerPost; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (GAZA 7-2-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  IRAN and UKRAINE entries for this date, so far, are HERE and HERE, or scroll down.) — MCM

   

NEWER  Gaza ceasefire proposal calls for release of 10 Israeli hostages, includes U.S. assurances to end war: report, by Abderaouf Arnaout and Ikram Kouachi | Anadolu Agency   JERUSALEM / ANKARA  — A 60-day Gaza ceasefire proposal calls for the release of 10 Israeli hostages and the remains of 18 others, Israeli media said today. The proposal “includes . . . READ MORE . . .

   

NEWER  Hamas ‘satisfied’ with new U.S. ceasefire proposal: report. From the Cradle. An informed source told Saudi newspaper Asharq al-Awsat today that Hamas is “satisfied” with “guarantees” to end the war included in the latest ceasefire proposal being discussed.  According to the newspaper, the proposal includes . . .READ MORE . . .

   

UN rapporteur accuses Israel of ‘one of cruelest genocides’ in modern history; urges arms embargo, global disengagement, by Beyza Binnur Donmez | Anadolu Agency  GENEVA — Israel is responsible for “one of the cruelest genocides in modern history,” the UN special rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territory said today, accusing Tel Aviv of weaponizing Gaza as a testing ground and calling for sweeping international action, including . . . READ MORE . . .

   

94 Palestinians killed in Gaza, including 45 people waiting for aid, authorities say. From AP. TEL AVIV — Airstrikes and shootings killed 94 Palestinians in Gaza overnight, including 45 who were attempting to get much-needed humanitarian aid, hospitals and the Health Ministry said today. READ MORE . . .

   

Hamas seeks ceasefire guarantees as Israeli strikes kill scores more in Gaza. From Reuters. Hamas is seeking guarantees that a new US ceasefire proposal for Gaza would lead to the war’s end, a source close to the militant group said on Thursday, as medics said Israeli strikes across the territory had killed scores more people. READ MORE . . .

   

Amnesty International says Israel and aid system use starvation to commit Gaza genocide, by Samy Magdy and Stefanie Dazio  | AP  CAIRO — Amnesty International issued a report today claiming a controversial Israeli- and U.S.-backed system to distribute aid in Gaza uses starvation tactics against Palestinians to continue to commit genocide in the Gaza Strip during Israel’s war with Hamas. READ MORE . . .

   

Palestinians walk long distances to fetch water and ration each drop. The heat is making it worse, by Wafaa Shurafa and Samya Kullab | AP  KHAN YOUNIS, Gaza Strip — The heat in Gaza has intensified hardships for its 2 million residents. Reduced water availability, crippled sanitation networks, and shrinking living spaces threaten to cause illnesses to cascade through communities, aid groups have long warned. READ MORE . . .

   

Israel killed prominent Gaza doctor Marwan al-Sultan in targeted strike. From Middle East Eye. The Israeli military has killed a prominent Palestinian doctor and the director of one of Gaza’s largest hospitals in an air strike on Gaza City. Dr. Marwan al-Sultan was killed, along with his wife, sister, daughter and son-in-law, when a missile struck his home on Wednesday. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JULY 2  UN says 85% of Gaza Strip under Israeli military orders, militarized zones, by Merve Aydogan | Anadolu Agency  HAMILTON, Canada — The UN said Wednesday that 85% of the Gaza Strip is within Israeli militarized zones, under displacement orders or in areas where the two overlap. The displacement orders are . . . READ MORE . . .

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FROM JULY 2  Israeli pilots dumped ‘unused bombs’ over Gaza during Iran strikes. From the Cradle. Israeli fighter pilots returning from air defense missions during the 12-day war with Iran were routinely authorized to unload their leftover munitions on the Gaza Strip, according to a report by MaarivREAD MORE . . .

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FROM JUNE 2  Profiting from genocide, by Chris Hedges | Orginal to ScheerPost  The latest report submitted by Francesca Albanese, Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories, includes a database of over 1,000 corporate entities that collaborate with Israel, and demands these firms and institutions sever ties with Israel or be held accountable for complicity in war crimes. READ MORE . . .   Click HERE for the report “From economy of occupation to economy of genocide.”

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Iran, 7-3-25

For now, links to five reports and articles of commentary: from Anadolu Agency, Consortium News, Substack via ScheerPost, Financial Times, and MintPress News; other articles are accessible by clicking on their names as highlighted below. (IRAN 7-1-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA and UKRAINE entries for this date, so far, are HERE and HERE, or scroll up or down.) — MCM

   

Iran says it remains committed to nuclear non-proliferation treaty, by Ikram Kouachi | Anadolu Agency  ANKARA — Iran confirmed today that it remains committed to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and its Safeguards Agreement — this one day after Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed a law passed by the parliament that requires the government to suspend . . .READ MORE . . .

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FROM JULY 2  Iran damaged 33,000 structures in Israel, by Joe Lauria | Special to Consortium News  The damage assessment in Israel from Iran’s counterattack against Tel Aviv’s unprovoked aggression against Iran last month is coming in. The Israeli daily Haaretz reported on Monday that the vaunted Israeli air defense system . . . READ MORE . . .

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FROM JUNE 30  Palantir’s shadow war on Iran, by Kit Klarenberg | Substack / ScheerPost  As the dust settles on the “12 Day War,” it is ever-clearer that the conflict was a crushing defeat for Israel and the U.S. In retrospect, the Zionist entity’s sole success was a wave of assassinations in the conflict’s first hours. A fawning June 19th Financial Times report hinted cutting-edge technology . . . READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for that report from Financial Times.

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FROM JULY 2  How Musk is powering a covert campaign against Iran, by Alan Macleod | MintPress News  By actively partnering with the U.S. government to smuggle communications hardware into Iran, Elon Musk is once again aiding Washington’s attempts at regime change. This fits into a long pattern of both American efforts to dislodge the government in Tehran and Musk’s close collaboration with the U.S. national security state . . . READ MORE . . .

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MAY BE CONTINUED

Ukraine, 7-3-25

For now, links to 10 reports: from Tass, the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, the Kyiv Independent, the Moscow Times, and Kyiv Post; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (UKRAINE 7-2-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA and IRAN entries for this date are HERE and HERE, or scroll down.) — MCM

   

U.S. halts all arms supplies to Ukraine — the Economist. From Tass. LONDON — U.S. authorities have halted all shipments of American weapons to Ukraine, including shells and spare parts, The Economist said, citing Ukrainian officials. READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for second report from Tass.

   

Ukraine’s president arrives in Denmark for talks with key European backers. From AP. AARHUS, Denmark — Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy arrived in Denmark today as the Nordic country launched its European Union presidency, the Danish prime minister’s office said. READ MORE . . .

   

Denmark PM says will do ‘everything we can’ to help Ukraine join EU. From AFP. Denmark will do everything in its power to help Ukraine join the EU, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said today as she welcomed Ukrainian leader Volodymyr Zelensky. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JUNE 2  Russia ramps up its offensive, putting pressure on Ukraine’s reserve troops, by Samya Kullab and Yehor Konovalov | AP  KYIV — An emboldened Russia has ramped up military offensives on two fronts in Ukraine, scattering Kyiv’s precious reserve troops and threatening to expand the fighting to a new Ukrainian region. Moscow aims to maximize . . . READ MORE . . .   Click HERE for report from the Kyiv Independent.

   

Russia says seized Ukrainian village on border. From AFP. The Russian military said today it had captured the village of Milove in Ukraine’s northeastern Kharkiv region, opening a new front on their shared border. Milove lies on a section of the border that Moscow’s forces had not . . . READ MORE . . .

   

Russian deputy Navy commander killed in Kursk region. From the Moscow Times. The deputy commander of Russia’s Navy, Major General Mikhail Gudkov, was killed in a Ukrainian attack in the Kursk region, Russian authorities said today. Unconfirmed media reports suggested Gudkov and 10 other senior military officers were killed . . . READ MORE . . .  Click HERE and HERE for report from Kyiv Post and the Kyiv Independent.

   

MAY BE CONTINUED

Ukraine, 7-2-25

For today, links to 10 reports: from Reuters, the Associated Press, the Cradle, Politico, and Agence France-Presse; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (UKRAINE 7-1-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA entry for this date  is HERE, or scroll down.) — MCM

   

Ukraine struggles to contain Russian summer advances as U.S. aid stalls, by Anastasiia Malenko and Aleksandar Vasovic | Reuters  KYIV —Russia has made incursions near two towns key to army supply routes in eastern Ukraine, a Ukrainian military official said today, as Moscow seeks a breakthrough in a summer offensive at a time of uncertainty over U.S. support for Kyiv. READ MORE . . .

   

Ukraine looks to jointly produce weapons with allies, while U.S. halts some shipments, by Illia Novikov | AP  KYIV — Ukraine is forging ahead with embryonic plans for joint weapons production with some of its international allies, top officials said, while the U.S. announced it was halting some arms shipments promised to help Ukraine fight off Russia. READ MORE . . .

   

Ukraine demands answers after U.S. halts missile shipments citing ‘sinking’ stockpile. From the Cradle. Officials in Kiev are seeking clarification on a U.S. decision to halt a delivery of air defense munitions to Ukraine, which a White House spokesperson said was taken to “put America’s interests first,” the Washington Post reported today. READ MORE . . .   Click HERE, HERE and HERE for reports from Kyiv Post, the Kyiv Independent and Politico.

   

Kremlin welcomes halt in U.S. arms shipments to Ukraine. From AFP. The Kremlin today welcomed Washington’s decision to pause some weapons shipments to Ukraine, saying reduced military support for Kyiv would bring Russia closer to its goals in the war. READ MORE . . .

   

Ukrainian aid projects wither as Western funding drops, by Elizabeth Piper | Reuters  The Trump administration froze and then cut billions of dollars of foreign aid after taking office on Jan. 20 to align with his “America First” policies. Ukraine’s European allies have also cut back humanitarian aid funding. READ MORE . . . 

   

Kiev loses over 1,235 troops in all frontline areas in past day — Russia’s top brass. From Tass. MOSCOW — The Ukrainian army lost more than 1,235 troops in battles with Russian forces in all the frontline areas over the past 24 hours, according to the latest data on the special military operation in Ukraine released by Russia’s Defense Ministry today. READ MORE . . .

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FROM JULY 1  Putin, Macron discuss Iran, Ukraine in first phone call in nearly three years. From Reuters. MOSCOW / PARIS — Russian President Vladimir Putin had a “substantial” phone call with French President Emmanuel Macron on the Iran-Israel conflict and Ukraine, the Kremlin said. READ MORE . . .

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Gaza, 7-2-25

For today, links to 10 reports: from Anadolu Agency, the Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse, National Public Radio, Haaretz, and Common Dreams, and to a proposal from Other News; other articles or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (GAZA 7-1-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  UKRAINE entry for today is HERE, or scroll up.) — MCM

   

Israeli strikes kill another 29 Palestinians in Gaza Strip, by Betul Yilmaz | Anadolu Agency  GAZA CITY, Palestine / ISTANBUL — At least 29 people were killed and scores of others injured in Israeli strikes on various locations in the Gaza Strip since early today, medical sources said. Israeli army targeted aid-seekers by live bullets at one location, killing 10 Palestinians and injuring over 50. READ MORE . . .

   

U.S. accuses UN expert of ‘economic warfare’ over report on companies aiding Israeli occupation, by Rabia Iclal Turan | Anadolu Agency  WASHINGTON — The U.S. Mission to the UN denounced a new report by UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese, accusing her of waging “economic warfare” against American and global firms by naming them as complicit in Israel’s occupation and military actions in the Palestinian territories. READ MORE . . .

   

Hamas says it’s open to a Gaza truce but stops short of accepting a Trump-backed proposal, by Fatma Khalid, Samy Magdy and Bassem Mroue | AP  CAIRO — Hamas suggested today that it was open to a ceasefire agreement with Israel, but stopped short of accepting a U.S. backed proposal announced by President Donald Trump hours earlier, insisting on its longstanding position that any deal bring an end to the war in Gaza. READ MORE . . .

   

Trump’s ceasefire statement raises hopes in Gaza as Israel presses on with attacks, by Nidal al-Mughrabi and Alexander Cornwell | Reuters  CAIRO / JERUSALEM — Word from U.S. President Donald Trump that Israel has agreed to the conditions needed to finalise a 60-day ceasefire in Gaza raised hopes today in the enclave, where health officials said at least 20 people had been killed in Israeli attacks. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JULY 1  Trump says Israel has agreed on terms for a 60-day ceasefire in Gaza and urges Hamas to accept deal, by Aamer Madhani and Samy Magdy | AP  WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump said Tuesday that Israel has agreed on terms for a 60-day ceasefire in Gaza and warned Hamas to accept the deal before conditions worsen. READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for report from AFPand HERE to listen to report from NPR.

   

Hamas orders Gaza clan leader to surrender, accuses him of treason. From Reuters. The interior ministry in Gaza today ordered the leader of a well-armed Bedouin clan defying the group’s control of the Palestinian enclave to surrender and face trial, accusing him of treason, including the looting of UN aid trucks and being backed by Israel. READ MORE . . .   Click HERE for June 5 report from Haaretz.

   

FROM JUNE 30  At least 95 Palestinians killed in Israeli attacks including massacres at beach café, aid points, by Brett Wilkins | Common Dreams / ScheerPost  Israeli forces ramped up their genocidal assault on the Gaza Strip Monday, killing at least 95 Palestinians in attacks including massacres at a seaside café and a humanitarian aid distribution center and bombings of five school shelters housing displaced families and a hospital where refugees were sheltering in tents. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JUNE 30  The time has arrived for a comprehensive Middle East peace, by Jeffrey Sachs and Sybil Fares | Other News / ScheerPost  The only path to peace is a comprehensive agreement that addresses Palestine’s statehood, Israel’s security, Iran’s peaceful nuclear program, and the economic recovery of the region. Here is a seven-point peace plan in which all parties . . . READ MORE . . .

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Gaza, 7-1-25

For today, links to four reports: from the Associated Press, Middle East Monitor, and Reuters, and to commentary from ScheerPost; other articles or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names or initials below. (GAZA 6-30-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  SYRIALEBANONMEDIA, IRAN and UKRAINE entries for this date are HEREHEREHERE, HERE and HERE, or scroll down.) — MCM

   

International charities and NGOs call for end to controversial Israeli-backed aid group in Gaza, by Samy Magdy | AP  CAIRO — Dozens of international charities and non-governmental organizations, including Oxfam, Save the Children and Amnesty, today called for an Israeli and U.S.-backed aid mechanism for Gaza to disband over repeated incidents of chaos and deadly violence against Palestinians heading toward its sites. READ MORE . . .

   

U.S. approves $510 million arms deal for Israel. From Middle East Monitor. The administration of U.S. President Donald Trump has approved a $510 million arms deal in favour of Israel, which the State Department said on Monday includes over 7,000 guidance kits for two different types of Joint Direct Attack Munition. READ MORE . . .

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Israel’s Netanyahu expects to meet Trump next week in the U.S. From Reuters. JERUSALEM: Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said today he expects to travel to the United States next week for meetings with President Donald Trump, after a “great victory” in a 12-day war with Iran last month. READ MORE . . .

   

Israeli officials to hold ceasefire talks in Washington amid military escalation in Gaza, by Nidal al-Mughrabi | Reuters CAIRO — Israeli planes and tanks struck heavily in north and south Gaza today, destroying clusters of homes, while Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s confidant was in Washington, expected to discuss a possible ceasefire. Thousands of residents again . . . READ MORE . . .

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FROM JUNE 30  Gaza’s hunger games, by Chris Hedges | Original to ScheerPost  The report in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, that Israeli soldiers are ordered to shoot into crowds of Palestinians at aid hubs, with 580 killed and 4,216 wounded, is not a surprise. It is the predictable denouement of the genocide, the inevitable conclusion to a campaign of mass extermination. READ MORE . . .

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Syria, 7-1-25

For today, links to reports from Reuters and the Cradle; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names below. (SYRIA 6-29-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZALEBANON, MEDIA, IRAN and UKRAINE entries for this date are HERE, HERE, HERE, HERE and HERE, or scroll up or down.) — MCM

   

FROM JUNE 30  Trump signs executive order ending most Syria sanctions. From the Cradle. U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Monday lifting a majority of Washington’s sanctions regime against Syria, citing “the positive actions taken by the new Syrian government under President Ahmad al-Sharaa.” The order also . . . READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for report from Reuters.

   

FROM JUNE 30  Syrian forces massacred 1,500 Alawites. The chain of command led to Damascus. An investigation by Reuters. LATAKIA, Syria — Reuters has pieced together how the wave of killings by Sunni fighters in Alawite communities along Syria’s Mediterranean coast from March 7 to 9 unfolded, in response to . . . READ MORE . . .  Click HERE for a second report from Reuters and HERE for one from the Cradle.

   

FROM JUNE 30  Israel eyes ties with Syria and Lebanon after Iran war, by Alexander Cornwell | Reuters  JERUSALEM — Israel is interested in establishing formal diplomatic relations with long-standing adversaries Syria and Lebanon, but the status of the Golan Heights is non-negotiable, Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar said on Monday. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JUNE 30  Sharaa–Netanyahu meeting in the works for upcoming UN session: report. From the Cradle. A potential meeting between Syrian interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is being considered for the upcoming UN General Assembly meeting in New York, according to Israeli media reports. READ MORE . . .    

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Lebanon, 7-1-25

For today, links to three reports: from Reuters and the Cradle; others or at least headlines are accessible by clicking on their names below. (LEBANON 6-8-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA, SYRIAMEDIA , IRAN and UKRAINE entries for this date are HERE,  HERE, HERE, HERE and HERE, or scroll up or down.) — MCM

   

Lebanon drafts reply to U.S. demand for Hezbollah to disarm, sources say. From Reuters. BEIRUT — Lebanese officials were drafting a response today to U.S. demands for armed group Hezbollah to relinquish its weapons across the country by November in exchange for a halt to Israeli military operations, two sources briefed on the matter said. READ MORE . . .

   

FROM JUNE 30  Lebanon seeks Israeli withdrawal ‘guarantees’ as U.S. demands Hezbollah disarmament. From the Cradle. Lebanon is seeking guarantees that Israel will completely withdraw its forces currently occupying the country’s south, a Lebanese official told AFP on Monday. U.S. envoy Tom Barrack visited Beirut . . . READ MORE . .

   

FROM JUNE 30  Israel eyes ties with Syria and Lebanon after Iran war, by Alexander Cornwell | Reuters  JERUSALEM — Israel is interested in establishing formal diplomatic relations with long-standing adversaries Syria and Lebanon, but the status of the Golan Heights is non-negotiable, Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar said on Monday. READ MORE . . .

   

MAY BE CONTINUED

Media, 7-1-25

A link to a 2012 review from the Smithsonian; other articles are accessible by clicking on its name below. (MEDIA 6-29-25 is HERE, or scroll down.  GAZA, SYRIALEBANONIRAN and UKRAINE entries for this date are HERE, HEREHERE, HERE and HERE, or scroll up or down.) — MCM

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FROM FEBRUARY 2012  Revisiting The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, by Ron Rosenbaum | The Smithsonian In May 1960, Israeli agents apprehended Adolf Eichmann in Argentina and flew him to Jerusalem for trial. And in October 1960, William L. Shirer captured something else, both massive and elusive, within the four corners of a book: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. He captured it in a way that made amnesia no longer an option. READ MORE . . .

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